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The FIRE Exit
The Europe atlas

What changed on the map.

Tax law moves. This is the map changing — every entry checked against official sources, newest first. When one of these shifts your plan, it is worth a fresh reading with a local adviser before you act.

The last full country sweep was run in July 2026. Every country, priced

July 2026

Every country page gains 'Getting in' and 'Health'

The other half of the exit, verified: the residence route for the financially independent, golden-visa status, the clocks to permanent residency and a passport, when you become tax-resident — and how healthcare works before the public system takes you.

July 2026

Austria tightens its exit-tax deferral

From 1 July 2026, larger deferred exit-tax gains need an annual proof filing to keep the deferral alive.

Austria
June 2026

Sweden's citizenship jumps to eight years

In force since 6 June 2026: eight years, self-support rules and Swedish-and-society requirements — with no protection for applications already in the queue.

Sweden
May 2026

Portugal doubles its citizenship clock

The new nationality law raises naturalisation from five years to ten (seven for EU and CPLP citizens), counted from the first residence card. Applications filed before 19 May 2026 keep the old five.

Portugal
March 2026

Slovenia opens a tax-sheltered account

A new investment account (the INR) lets gains, dividends and rebalancing go untaxed inside it — 0% after fifteen untouched years — though its eligible-instrument rules shut out the standard global ETFs.

Slovenia
February 2026

Andorra triples the price of passive residence

The passive-residence investment rises to €1,000,000 (€400,000 via the housing fund) plus a €50,000 non-refundable fee — and new permits are capped at 163 a year.

Andorra
January 2026

Belgium's first capital gains tax arrives

A 10% tax on investment gains begins — counting only growth from 2026, with the first €10,000 per person each year exempt. The old haven, gently closed.

Belgium
January 2026

Cyprus rewrites its tax code

The dividend defence contribution falls from 17% to 5% on post-2026 profits, the 60-day residency rule loosens, and the non-dom window gains a paid extension.

Cyprus
January 2026

France's flat tax ticks up

The flat tax on investment gains rises from 30% to about 31%, as the social charges inside it increase.

France
January 2026

Sweden doubles the ISK free floor

The tax-free floor on the ISK wrapper rises from SEK 150,000 to SEK 300,000.

Sweden
January 2026

Czechia uncaps its three-year exemption

The 2025 cap on the tax-free-after-three-years rule is gone; the exemption is uncapped once more (crypto keeps a cap).

Czechia
January 2026

Ireland cuts its fund tax rate

The fund exit-tax rate falls from 41% to 38%; the eight-year deemed disposal stays.

Ireland
January 2026

Slovakia raises its top brackets

Top income-tax brackets rise to 35%, but the one-year holding exemption for listed ETFs is left untouched.

Slovakia
January 2026

Italy re-prices its newcomer deal

The 2026 budget doubled the financial-transaction tax and raised the lump-sum flat tax for new residents to €300,000 for 2026 arrivals.

Italy
January 2026

Romania lifts its investing taxes

A 2026 fiscal package raised the tax on dividends and on foreign-broker share gains to 16% (from 10%), and doubled the light local-broker rates to 3% and 6%.

Romania
January 2026

Lithuania makes quick gains progressive

A 2026 reform pulls short-term securities gains into a new progressive scale (up to 32%), while shares held over five years — or gains taken inside the investment account — stay at a flat 15%.

Lithuania
December 2025

Estonia cancels a rate rise

The legislated increase to 24% is scrapped; the flat rate stays at 22%.

Estonia
April 2025

The EU's court kills Malta's golden passport

Citizenship-by-investment ruled contrary to EU law; Malta repealed the framework. The residence-by-investment programme continues on 2025 terms.

Malta
April 2025

Spain closes its golden visa

The investor residence route — the €500,000 property door included — ends by organic law. Permits already granted keep running.

Spain
January 2025

Germany extends its exit tax to funds

The exit tax reaches ordinary funds and ETFs, not just company stakes — it can bite when a single fund position cost €500,000 or more.

Germany
January 2025

Hungary taxes early exits from the five-year account

A 13% social charge now hits money pulled early from a TBSZ account opened since 2025 — but the deal that drops to 0% after five full years survives, social charge and all.

Hungary
January 2025

Latvia raises the tax on capital

The 2025 reform lifted the rate on capital income and capital gains from 20% to 25.5% — the investment account still defers it until withdrawals overtake contributions.

Latvia
2024

Portugal closes the NHR deal

The non-habitual-resident regime shuts to new applicants; a much narrower successor replaces it.

Portugal
2024

Croatia drops its city surtax

The municipal surtax on the 12% capital-gains rate is abolished.

Croatia

The state of FIRE in Europe — the 2026 report

None of this is tax or investment advice — it's education, kept deliberately at the level that survives fact-checking. Rules shift with every budget round; the specifics of your situation belong with a licensed adviser in your country. I'm happily not one.

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